Столицы. Их многообразие, закономерности развития и перемещения - Россман Вадим (мир книг .txt) 📗

Бразилия. Оценка стоимости новой столицы страны дается в долларах на 2010 (Baldussi, 2010). ВНП Бразилии в 1957 году ($17.6 млрд) конвертируется в доллары 2010 года ($137.5 млрд). Pessoa, М. “Fiscal Policy in Brazil and Japan: what can be learned” (Tokio, 2004: 47).

Нигерия. $ю млрд было потрачено за 12 лет, с 1985 по 1997 год. По оценкам экспертов, в 1997 году для завершения проекта требовалось от 2 до 4 млрд долларов. Moser, Gary; Rogers, Scott; Van Til, Reinhold. 1997. “Nigeria: Experience With Structural Adjustment,” IMF Occasional Papers (Washington DC), March, p. 37. В 1985–1992 годах ВНП Нигерии значительно вырос. При расчете с учетом среднего ВНП за эти 7 лет (244 млрд долларов) процент расходов на строительство новой столицы составляет 5 или 6.3 % от ВНП.

Россия. Первая оценка принадлежит Лужкову (2002), вторая Иосифу Дискину (Бабаян, 2011).

Мьянма. Оценка стоимости Шона Тернелла (Sean Turnell), специалиста по бирманской экономике, профессора Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. “Built to Order: Myanmar’s New Capital Isolates and Insulates Junta,” The New York Times, June 24, 2008.

Казахстан. По официальным оценкам, на перенос было потрачено 2 млрд долларов из государственного бюджета и 2 млрд из частных фондов к 1998 году. Эти цифры некоторые эксперты считают заниженными. С 2002 года только в строительство правительственного комплекса частными компаниями было инвестировано около $5 млрд.

Афганистан. Частные фонды – 23 млрд, государственный бюджет – 11 млрд.

ТАБЛИЦА 5.

Столицы Персии

ТАБЛИЦА 6.

Столицы китайских династий

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