The Innovators: How a Group of Inventors, Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolutio - Isaacson Walter (книги полностью .txt) 📗
Garcia, Jerry, 266
Gates, Bill, 4, 197, 274, 309, 311, 312, 313, 345, 347, 354, 357, 367, 370, 391, 399, 406, 416, 485
Allen’s disputes with, 322–23, 328, 338–39, 352, 361
background of, 313–18
BASIC for Altair designed by, 332–36, 337
BASIC learned by, 316–17
belief of, in future of personal computer, 329–30
copyright issues and, 341–43, 351, 378
8008 language written by, 325–27
electronic grid work of, 327–28
Evans’s death and, 324, 325
at Harvard, 328–32, 336
innovator personality of, 338–40
Jobs’s dispute with, 368–69
Lakeside Programming Group formed by, 318–27
operating system and, 358–60, 361–62
payroll program written by, 322–23, 338
PDP-10 work of, 319–21
programming’s importance seen by, 118
on reverse-engineering brain, 473
Gates, Mary, 361
Gatlinburg conference, 237, 238, 242
General Electric (GE), 116, 211
General Post Office, 242
general-purpose machines, 26–27, 33, 39, 40, 46, 87, 119, 326–27, 406, 467
Engelbert’s foreseeing of, 276
see also memex
General Relativity, 5, 43
geometry, 17
germanium, 135
Germany, codes of, 78, 79, 81
Gertner, Jon, 134, 138
Gibson, William, 384
Gingrich, Newt, 403
Ginsberg, Allen, 299
GNU, 372–73
GNU/Linux, 377, 378, 379, 441, 482, 483
Go, 210
Godel, Escher, Bach (Hofstadter), 471
Godel, Kurt, 43–44, 45, 46, 102, 120
gold, 177–78
Goldberg, Adele, 364
Goldstine, Adele, 73, 96–97, 118, 119
Goldstine, Herman, 69, 73–74, 96, 109, 110–11, 113, 118, 119
von Neumann’s first meeting with, 105–6
Google, 227, 259, 450, 460–65, 471–72, 482, 486
creation of, 458, 460, 462–64
lawsuits of, 112
page ranks of, 482
self-driving cars of, 456
Google Glass, 259–60
Gopher, 415
Gore, Al, 260, 400–403
Gore Act (1991), 402, 416, 423
government funding, 73–74, 482, 484
see also ARPANET
Graetz, Martin, 204, 205
Gran Trak 10, 348
graphic user interface, 363–64, 367–69
Grateful Dead, 266, 270, 389
“Great Conversation, The” (Cerf), 255
Greeks, 72
Greening of America, The (Reich), 267
Greig, Woronzow, 15
Grinnell College, 157, 159, 188
Grove, Andy, 170, 190–92, 193, 197, 481
management techniques of, 194, 195
hackers, 201, 202, 203–7, 254, 268, 299, 378, 504
Hackers (Levy), 202, 298
Hafner, Katie, 245, 260, 389
Haggerty, Pat, 149–51, 168, 173
idea for calculator of, 182–83
Hall, Justin, 404, 422–27, 429, 438, 446, 458
halting problem, 45
Hambrecht & Quist, 393, 396
harmonic synthesizer, 37
Hartree, Douglas, 119
Harvard University, 40, 50–52, 53, 104–5, 106, 222, 271, 328–29
Hayden, Stone & Co., 167, 188
Hayes Smartmodem, 387
Heart, Frank, 252
“Heath Robinson,” 79
Heinlein, Robert, 257, 299
Hells Angel, 270
Hennessy, John, 462
Herschel, John, 19
Hertzfeld, Andy, 368
Herzfeld, Charles, 232–33, 234, 249
Hewlett, William, 154, 156, 189, 464
Hewlett-Packard, 156, 189, 199, 344, 345, 348, 351, 450
High Performance Computing Act (1991), 402, 416
Higinbotham, William, 215
Hilbert, David, 43, 44, 45, 47, 78, 103
Hiltzik, Michael, 290
Hingham Institute Study Group, 205
hippies, 266–67, 268, 272, 305, 309
Hiroshima, 103n
His Majesty’s Government Code and Cypher School, 77
Hitler, Adolf, 78, 79
Hoddeson, Lillian, 310
Hodges, Andrew, 40–41
Hoefler, Don, 199
Hoerni, Jean, 162, 174–75, 176, 184
Hoff, Ted, 193, 196–99
Hofstadter, Douglas, 471
Holberton, Betty Snyder, see Snyder, Betty
Hollerith, Herman, 35–36, 478
Homebrew Computer Club, 304, 310–11, 340, 342, 344, 350, 351, 370, 407, 483–84
Home Terminal Club, 286
Honeywell, 82–83, 121, 330, 336
Hoover Dam, 181
Hopper, Grace, 2, 28, 86, 88–95, 104, 117, 323, 329
communication skills of, 88–89, 90
on ENIAC’s lack of programmability, 95
hired at Eckert-Mauchley, 117–18
subroutines perfected by, 93
Hopper, Vincent, 88
HotWired, 420
HotWired.com, 425–26
Hourihan, Meg, 429–30
House, David, 184
House of Lords, 9, 14
Huffington, Arianna, 427
Huffington Post, 427
Human Brain Project, 473
Human-Computer Interaction Group, 455
human-machine interaction, 4–5, 225–26, 227–28, 229, 231, 272–74, 276–78, 302, 363, 384, 401, 449–50, 455–56, 459, 464–65, 474–79
Hush-A-Phone case, 386–87
hydrogen bomb, 112–13, 238
HyperCard, 434
hypertext, 264, 410–13
limitation of, 456–57
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), 411, 419, 426, 429
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 411
IAS Machine, 120
IBM, 53, 64, 82, 118, 121, 168, 197, 251, 304, 353–54, 356–63, 398–99, 470–71, 473, 475, 477, 478
dress code at, 215
founding of, 36
Gates’s deal with, 337
Jobs’s criticism of, 362–63
Mark I history of, 2, 91
Mark I of, 2, 51–52, 81, 89–90
IBM 704, 468
IBM 1401, 282–83
Idea Factory, The (Gertner), 134
Illich, Ivan, 302–3, 304
imitation game, 124–28
incompleteness theorem, 43–44, 45
indeterminacy, 43
individualism, 265
Industrial Revolution, 3, 7, 9, 18, 479
two grand concepts of, 32–33
Infocast, 392
Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), 229, 231, 233–34, 248, 286–87
Information Sciences, Inc. (ISI), 322–23, 324
Infoseek, 227
innovation, 260, 486–88
assembly lines in, 32–33
bureaucracies vs., 240–41
and corporate culture, 189, 217
patents and, 215
social atmosphere for, 2
stages of, 150
synergy and, 183
teamwork and, 1, 84, 85, 91–92, 108, 110, 246, 260, 479–86
Institute for Advanced Study, 73, 77, 102, 118
Institute of Radio Engineers, 174
integrated circuit, see microchips
Integrated Electronics Corp, see Intel
Intel, 170, 187–99, 265, 280, 350, 351, 482
culture of, 189–95, 235, 481, 484–85
employees empowered at, 193–95
initial investments in, 187–88, 213
microprocessor of, 196–99
Intel 8008 microprocessor, 325–26
Intel 8080 microprocessor, 305, 306, 308
Interface Message Processors (IMPs), 237, 251–52, 253, 255, 256
see also routers
Internatioal Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 449
Internet, 9, 72, 217–61, 383–403, 482
ARPANET as precursor to, 208; see also ARPANET
built by collaboration, 4–5
built to facilitate collaboration, 2–3
creation of, 257, 258–59
as decentralized, 250
legislation on, 400–403
nuclear weapons and, 247–51
personal computers and, 4
Internet Engineering Task Force, 260–61, 411, 414
Internet Protocol (IP), 259, 293
interstate highway program, 402
iOS, 381
Iowa State, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 65, 68, 81, 481
iPad 2, 486–87
iPhone, 381
Jacobi, Werner, 180
Jacquard, Joseph-Marie, 21, 26
Jacquard loom, 21, 23, 26, 33, 35, 467
Jefferson, Geoffrey, 124, 128
Jefferson, Thomas, 481
Jenkins, Jim, 328
Jennings, Jean, 69, 86, 95–100, 107, 110, 117, 119
on limitations of computers, 115
and public display of ENIAC, 113–16
Jennings, Ken, 470
Jeopardy!, 470, 476
Jerry and David’s Guide to the Web, 447
Jobs, Steve, 4, 5, 94, 134, 139, 150, 151, 155, 193n, 211, 270, 274, 278, 346–47, 349, 364, 370, 388, 391, 398, 406, 414, 449, 464, 480, 483–84, 485, 486
