Как обосноваться в Канаде - первые шаги как это есть на самом деле - Акимов Алексей (лучшие бесплатные книги .txt) 📗
Больше всего командировок, наихудшие условия работы, максимальная ответственность и психологический дискомфорт, максимальные требования к (английскому) языку - client support и production (особенно это относится к миру мэйнфреймов. Люди, которые этим занимаются часто считаются не программистами, а "consultants", дежурства - по скользящему графику (особенно в банках) тогда у вас круглосуточно должен быть бипер, даже даже дома в середине ночи вы обязаны на него ответить.
Наиболее престижная и привилегированная область - это development, минимальные требования к языку, минимум поездок и обслуживания и нервотрепок, как правило достаточно неторопливый темп работы, практически никаких переработок (после конца рабочего дня). В то же время - узкая специализация, чтобы вас взяли вы должны быть хорошим специалистом с хорошими references, очень трудно сменить профиль - если вы уже заявили о себе как специалисте в какой-то узкой области.
Разработка программного обеспечения делается (с организационной точки зрения) по следующей схеме:
DEVELOPMENT >CODE FREEZE > BUILD > TESTING > QA > PRODUCTION > SUPPORT > DEVELOPMENT.
Специализация труда в Канадских фирмах уже, чем в Российских, дисциплина - жестче, отношение к клиентам и начальству - подобострастное. С психологической точки зрения открытых конфликтов стараются избегать. При увольнении настоящая причина никогда не называется. Процветают кумовство и блат, особенно в больших кампаниях и государственных предприятиях.
Чем крупнее или "государственнее" компания, тем медленнее работают и больше занимаются выяснением отношений. В государственных предприятиях (госпиталя, транспорт, электростанции, школы, community subsidized colleges) - настоящий социализм, все люди - "отмороженные", основная задача потратить бюджетные деньги, чтобы в следующем году выписали больше. Отпуска и бенефиты заметно больше, хотя сама зарплата может быть меньше.
65. Какие программисткие специальности требуются больше всего в Канаде (programmers FAQ):
Frequently Asked Questions on
How to Find a Job for a Programmer in Canada.
I can say the following summarizing experience of about 40-50 people that I kept contact with:
You may explore several different options of the most demanded skill sets on the market:
1). Cobol/JCL/MVS + good to have skills: CICS, SQL, DB2. (Toronto is a city of banks and large wholesale companies), which traditionally use mainframes and will continue to do so in a foreseeable future.)
1.1 QA package (testing specialist), nice to have: MVS/ESA.
1.2
2). Oracle,SQL, Stored Procedures - the most popular database. Good to have skills: Unix, Powerbuilder.
3). MS SQL Server, (second most popular database), StoredProcedures, Transact-SQL, nice to have: Crystal Reports, Win NT 4.0. Nice to have: data conversion experience.
4). MS Access, MS SQL (Sequel/Sybase) Server, nice to have: VBA, VB 5.0. with OLE, COM, DCOM, Active X.
4.1 VB 5.0/6.0, OLE, nice to have: SQL, ODBC MS Access/SQL Server/DB2.
5). Web development: IIS 3.0/4.0, nice to have: graphics, PERL, latest vogue: Java Script, J++, Active X, Corba.
6). C/C++, nice to have: WIN 9x, Unix or Win NT development experience.
7) Oracle system administrator.
8). Win NT system administrator/roll out specialist. A must: MSCE certification.
9). AS 400, must to have: RGP, CL - huge demand!
10). Lotus Notes developer/Administrator - huge demand!
The highest paid: (everything in Canadian dollars/year) (starting from top paid): (CND 70,000)(7-> 6 -> 1 -> 9 ($45,000)
The least paid: (starting from least paid): ($25,000) 1.1, -> 5 -> 4 -> 4.1 ->8 ($45,000).
The easiest to study (starting from shortest learning curve): (3 months) 1.1 -> 1 -> 4 -> 3 (half a year).
The hardest to study: (from top): (1.5 years) 7 -> 6 ->9 -> 8 (1 year).
The cheapest to study: ($3.500 courses) 1.1 -> 1 - > 4.1 - > 4 ($10.000 courses, $500-700 Seneca).
The most expensive to study: ($15,000) 7 -> 6.
Professions that are slowly declining (comparatively, not absolutely): 1 -> 7.
The demand is increasing (i.e. in absolute numbers): (starting from fastest) 8 -> 3 -5
Average entry level salary is about 40,000 (with benefits) for permanent, which translates into 2,900/ month/net or $30/hour (contract) (you pay your taxes and insurance).
Average number of HR/job search agencies level interviews for a professional with 4+ years of development and good English: 20, technical interviews: 5, average time of finding job - 20-30 days.
For a person with no computer background, bad resume, suspicious references these numbers are correspondingly 50-HR/Job Search and 10 technical level interviews, average time of finding job: 1.5-2 years. Average number of resumes sent: 400, written refusals received: 50.
Average response time from a large company (like Northern Telecom) that is willing to accept you (from receiving of resume to last technical level interview): 4-5 weeks, average number of interviews: 4.
Sequence of interviews: (0) (Job Search Agency) -> (1) HR clerk -> (2) Head of department/technical specialist -> (3) Vice/President (Marketing or HR). Most important is (2), others are rather filters.
For a small company: corresponding time 1 week, interviews-2.
Oral references are being checked in 80% of the cases for large companies.
Percent of large companies that are doing without job search agencies: 10% (like Winners Apparel, CIBC).
For small companies: 60% without job search agencies. The same for turn-key software installers/solution providers.
I would not say that there is an acute shortage of specialists in any field now (under developed capitalism supply swiftly comes to equilibrium to demand).
(This remark received from Robert Must. Thank you, Robert, you share with your experience like usual):
This is very correct. While IT industry may provide
more extensive opportunities due to the fact that this
immature industry yet. All industries were in this situation
some time in the past. There is no general deficit of people.
There is deficit of people with a certain set of skills and
many of those go to the US because falling loonie cut their
real salaries. $65k salary is considered good both in the
US and Canada. But dollar is different. If not this outflow
probably would be no so much place for those 900 IT people
who arrive to Canada only from one country every year.
Price of education: all commercial courses have $300/week. (Seneca $250/course), full-blown University course (4 years): $40,000.
You may apply for a government loan after a year of living as a PR (pay out start half a year after gradiation, interest about 5%).
Length of average private computer courses 1 year (from 3 months to 2 years). Quality of education: from C to D (in Russian 3 with minus). It is unrealistic to find knowledgeable teachers that also know how to teach (the word "methodology" is not known here).
I calculate that average time for a person (without computer background) of 25 years old spent on computer/Software development related studies plus job search is 1 year, if your are 35 it's 1.5 years, if your are 40 - two years (if you study/look for job 8 hours a day).
For a person with computer background (with language not needed on the market now, like Fortran or Pascal or PDP11 Assembler development) and not too bad English - it is half a year.
In Toronto and Kitchener/Waterloo the emphasis is more on mainframes, in
Mississauga/Brampton - client/server, C++. In Ottawa- client/server. I got a feeling that it is harder to find a job in Ottawa.
Necessary requirements in all cases: professionally written resume (the whole science exists about it) and written/oral references (at least 3, preferably local and you must be able to get by (communicate) in English in "real-time" (50 words/minute) and be understood- nobody cares what accent you have. Ability to type (in English) 30-40 words per minute is helpful.
