Грамматические трудности перевода. Английский язык для юристов - Огнева Нина (читать книги полностью без сокращений бесплатно TXT) 📗
18. Temporary restraining orders3 are usually issued for a very short period of time. Thus, a party who can show evidence that such an order was improperly issued can have the order revoked at the earliest opportunity.
Women have become so highly educated…
that nothing should surprise us nowadays,
except happy marriages.
Oscar Wilde
13. Модальный глагол Should в ослабленном значении
MODELS
Should
1) сослагательное наклонение
a) In Britain there are some cases closed to the public that is a judge may order that no members of the public (should) be present at the proceedings.
В Британии существуют судебные дела, закрытые для публики, т. е. судья может потребовать, чтобы на судебном разбирательстве не присутствовал никто из посторонних.
b) Before applying to the ECtHR it is necessary that all available domestic legal remedies (should) be exhausted. Перед подачей жалобы в ЕСПЧ необходимо, чтобы были исчерпаны все доступные средства внутренней правовой защиты.
2) придаточное предложение условия
a) If I should fail to perform my obligations under a contract, you may sue me to recover compensation or compel me to carry out my side of the bargain.
В том случае если я не исполню свои обязательства по договору, вы вправе потребовать от меня по суду компенсацию или заставить меня исполнить взятые мною обязательства.
b) Should the goods within the guarantee period prove to be defective, the Sellers are to eliminate the defects or replace the defective parts.
Если в течение срока гарантии товар окажется дефектным, Продавец должен устранить дефекты или заменить дефектные детали.
1. In order to sustain free trade it is essential that governments should tackle the unemployment problem.
2. one of the business approaches demands that suppliers, customers, employees and members of the local community should be represented on a company’s board of directors.
3. The President suggested that Congress should try harder to pass some drug control legislation.
4. It was proposed that the authorized capital of the company be increased.
5. Any person may begin and conduct proceedings himself, but because of the difficulties involved it’s highly desirable that he be given legal advice.
6. In the USA lawyers and courts of law have become part of daily life, whereas in Japan lawyers are few and people tend to rely on informal ways of solving disagreements; it’s interesting that two highly industrialized societies should be so different in this respect.
7. In Japan it is possible for the prosecution to appeal that a non-guilty decision be changed to guilty.
8. If an MP should die or be forced to give up his seat the people of the country will have to vote again in a by-election to replace him.
9. The countries to the Community Treaty accepted the supremacy of Community law over their national systems of law if a conflict should arise.
10. Company directors, partners and sole traders alike have to consider the legal implications of the torts they may face should their products injure a customer.
11. The Supply of Goods and Services Act implies that services be provided with reasonable care, at a reasonable cost and within a reasonable time.
12. The laws of certain countries require that parties to contracts should expressly accept arbitration clauses.
13. I t is highly advisable that a negotiating lawyer should keep notes of all discussions and emails regarding the matter under negotiation.
14. For a teacher of legal English it is important that he and his students should accept the fact that he cannot be an expert on all aspects of law in the students’ jurisdictions.
15. It is recommended that you should conduct an Internet search for legal expressions together with the name of the jurisdictions.
Conscience is the inner voice that warns us
that someone might be looking.
H. L. Mencken
14. Модальные глаголы May, Must, выражающие предположение, уверенность
MODELS
May / might
You may (might) have read his account of the case.
Вы, возможно (может быть), читали его отчет об этом деле.
Must
The parties concerned must have stopped debating the claim. Заинтересованные стороны, очевидно (должно быть), прекратили обсуждение иска.
1. Economists say that inflation might double and even treble in the near future.
2. This politician used to be known as a tough old guy and people must have had reasons to think so.
3. The Prime Minister mentioned that a more radical stand on the issue must have enabled his party to avoid defeat.
4. Individual companies might have been more efficient if they had been liberated from central management.
5. Without a constructive means of tackling disputes among WTO member countries, some of them might have led to a serious political conflict.
6. Both sides in the cause must have grasped that they were living on “only one earth”.
7. The court can never know exactly what was in the head of a criminal at the time of committing the crime, so it has the difficult task of deciding what his intentions must have been.
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