Обман в науке - Голдакр Бен (книга жизни .TXT) 📗
98 ‘Никто не может врать’: Frankfurt H.G. On Bullshit. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. Доступно на: http://press.princeton.edu/video/Frankfurt
115 ‘50 миллиардов долларов’: http://www.nutraingredientsusa.com/news/ng.asp?n=85087
115 ‘проведено в Финляндии’: Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung and other cancers in male smokers // New. Eng. J. Med. 1994. № 330. P. 1029–1035.
115 ‘две группы людей’: ThomquistM.D., OmennG.S., Goodman G.E., Grizzle J.E., Rosenstock L., Barnhart S., Anderson G.L., Hammar S., Balmes J., Cherniack M. Statistical design and monitoring of the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) // Control. Clin. Trials (1993). № 14. P. 308–324; Omenn G.S., Goodman G.E., Thornquist M.D., Balmes J., Cullen M.R., Glass A., et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease // N. Engl. J. Med. 1996. № 334. P. 1150–1155. Доступно на: http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=nejm&resid=334/18/1150]
116 ‘В последних’: Vivekananthan D.P. et al. Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials // Lancet. 2003. № 361. P. 2017–2023. Доступно на: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/ PIIS0140673603136379/abstract
116 ‘В Кохрановском обзоре’: Caraballoso М., Sacristan М., Serra С., Bonfill X. Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people // Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003. P. 2.
116 ‘опубликованный Кохрановский обзор’: Bjelakovic G., Nikolova D., Gluud L.L., Simonetti R.G., Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases // Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008. P. 2.
117 ‘Бенджамин Спок’: Chalmers I. Invalid health information is potentially lethal // BMJ (2001). № 322 (7292). P. 998.
118 ‘сговоре для удержания цен’: Connor Kluwer J.M. Global Pricefixing: Our Customers Are the Enemy j I Springer. 2001. Доступно на: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7M8n4UN23WsC
119 ‘Сомнение — это наш продукт’: Michaels D. (ed.) Doubt is Their Product: How Industry’s Assault on Science Threatens Your Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
124 ‘Дадли Дж. Леблан’: Anderson A. Snake Oil, Hustlers and Hambones: The American Medicine Show. McFarland, 2005.
131 ‘Во время войны’-. Commencement Speech from Caltech 1974, также в Richard Feynman. Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character. WW Norton (1985).
132 web-страница Клейтонского колледжа естественного здоровья: http://www.ccnh.edu/about/programs/tuition.aspx
146 ‘большое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование’: Hutchings J., Bywater Т., Daley D., Gardner F., Whitaker C., Jones K., Eames C., Edwards R.T. Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomized controlled trial // BMJ (2007). № 334. P. 678.
146 ‘анализом его экономичности’: Edwards R.T., Ceilleachair A., Bywater Т., Hughes D.A., Hutchings J. Parenting programme for parents of children at risk of developing conduct disorder: cost effectiveness analysis // BMJ (2007). № 334. P. 682.
156 ‘одного исследования, проведенного ученым’: Richardson
A. J., Montgomery P. The Oxford-Durham study: a randomized, controlled trial of dietary supplementation with fatty acids in children with developmental coordination disorder // Pediatrics. 2005. № 115 (5). P. 1360–1366.
163 ‘продажа болезней’: Moynihan R., Doran E., Henry D. Disease mongering is now part of the global health debate // PLoS Med. 2008. № 5 (5). Доступно на: eio6.doi: io.i37i/ joumal.pmed.0050106
170 ‘профессором Хайвелом Уильямсом’: Williams H.C. Evening primrose oil for atopic dermatitis // BMJ (2003). № 327. P. 1358–1359-
171 ‘самой популярной пищевой добавкой в Великобритании’: ‘The four markets dominating EU supplements’ http://www. nutraingredients-usa.com/news/ng.asp?n=85087; “Galenica assumes control of Equazen Nutraceuticals based in the UK”. Пресс-релиз. http://www.galenica.com/Galenica/en/archive/media/ releases/2006_12_04_21398644_meldung.php
176 ‘систематический обзор Кохрановского сотрудничества’: Douglas R.M., Hemila Н., Chalker Е., Тгеасу В. Vitamin С for preventing and treating the common cold // Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1998.1. Date of last update: 14 May 2007. (Кохрановские обзоры постоянно обновляются, при этом все предыдущие версии доступны, так что всегда можно посмотреть, что говорилось раньше.)
178 ‘доктора Ричарда Смита’: Smith R. Investigating the previous studies of a fraudulent author // BMJ. 2005. № 331. P. 288–291; Hamblin T. The Secret Life of Dr Chandra // BMJ. 2006. № 332. P. 369.
178 ‘трехсерийный документальный фильм’: Документальный фильм о докторе Чандра можно посмотреть в Интернете на сайте http://www.cbc.ca/national/news/chandra/
178 ‘ретроспективный повторный анализ’: Hemila Н., Herman Z.S. Vitamin С and the common cold: a retrospective analysis of Chalmers’ review // J. Am. Coll. Nutr. № 14 (2) (April 1995). P. 116–123.
180 ‘обзор и метаанализ’: Vivekananthan D.P. et al. Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials // Lancet. 2003. № 361. P. 2017–2023.
189 ‘результаты проверки’: http://www.qaa.ac.uk/reviews/ reports/institutional/Luton1105/RG162UniLuton.pdf
195 ‘По данным одного исследования’: Nattrass N. Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa. African Affairs, 2008. № 107 (427). P. 157–176.
196 ‘Еще одно исследование’: Chigwedere P., Seage G.R., Gruskin S., Lee Т.Н., Essex M. Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa // Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008. № 49 (4) (1 December). P. 410–415.
197 ‘представил картину’: http://www.villagev0ice.e0m/2000- 07–04/news/debating-the-obvious /
209 ‘Исходя из современных данных’: http://clinicalevidence. bmj.com/ceweb/about/knowledge.jsp
210 ‘исследования из реального мира’: The classic general medicine reference for this is Ellis J., Mulligan I., Rowe J., Sackett D.L. Inpatient general medicine is evidence based. А-Team, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine // Lancet. 1995. № 346 (8972) (12 August). P. 407–410.
211 ‘все эти исследования’: Mayor S. Audit identifies the most read BMJ research papers. BMJ (2007); 334:554-5; Hippisley-Cox J., Coupland C. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients taking cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatoiy drugs: population based nested case-control analysis // BMJ. 2005. № 330. P. 1366; Gunnell J., Saperia J., Ashby D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA’s safety review // BMJ. 2005. № 330. P. 385; Fergusson D. et al. Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials // BMJ. 2005. № 330. P. 396.
215 ‘целые области оказываются без внимания’: Iribame А. Orphan diseases and adoptive initiatives // JAMA. 2003. № 290. P. 116. Francisco A. Drug development for neglected diseases // Lancet. 2002. № 360. P. 1102.
218 ‘Если вы посмотрите примечания’: Safer D.J. Design and reporting modifications in industry-sponsored comparative psychopharmacology trials // J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2002. № 190. P. 583–592.