Секреты лаборатории питания. Наука похудения, мифы о силе воли и пользе диет - Манн Трейси "Неизвестный автор"

21. E. K. Papies, L. W. Barsalou, and R. Custers, “Mindful Attention Prevents Mindless Impulses”, Social Psychological and Personality Science 3, no. 3 (August 29, 2011): 291-99, doi:10.1177/1948550611419031. См. также: P. Rozin et al., “The Ecology of Eating: Smaller Portion Sizes in France Than in the United States Help Explain the French Paradox”, Psychological Science 14, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 450-54, doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.02452.

22. Как мы с Эндрю Уордом выяснили в наших ранних экспериментах, это справедливо по отношению к тем, кто соблюдает диету или пытается ничего не есть. Ward and Mann, “Don’t Mind If I Do: Disinhibited Eating Under Cognitive Load”, April 1, 2000; Traci Mann and Andrew Ward, “To Eat or Not to Eat: Implications of the Attentional Myopia Model for Restrained Eaters”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology 113, no. 1 (2004): 90-98.

23. Reine C. van der Wal and Lotte F. van Dillen, “Leaving a Flat Taste in Your Mouth: Task Load Reduces Taste Perception”, Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1277-84, doi:10.1177/0956797612471953.

24. Существует небольшое различие. Люди, питающиеся по интуиции, отрицают разного рода диеты и едят только то, что «просит» организм. Те же, кто выбирает методику осознанного питания, при внимательном отношении к принятию пищи и чувству голода могут придерживаться определенного плана питания. Подробнее об этом см. в работах: Tracy L. Tylka, “Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Measure of Intuitive Eating”, Journal of Counseling Psychology 53, no. 2 (2006): 226-40; Celia Framson et al., “Development and Validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109, no. 8 (August 2009): 1439-44, doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006.

25. См. примеры в работах: Gayle M. Timmerman and Adama Brown, “The Effect of a Mindful Restaurant Eating Intervention on Weight Management in Women”, Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 44, no. 1 (January 2012): 22-28, doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2011.03.143. Обзорный материал: G. A. O’Reilly et al., “Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Obesity-Related Eating Behaviours: A Literature Review”, Obesity Reviews (March 18, 2014), doi:10.1111/obr.l2156.

26. Linda Bacon et al., “Size Acceptance and Intuitive Eating Improve Health for Obese, Female Chronic Dieters”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105, no. 6 (June 2005): 929-36, doi:10.1016/j. jada.2005.03.011.

27. О двух из трех экспериментов, подтверждающих это, см.: O’Reilly et al., “Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Obesity-Related Eating Behaviours”.

28. Megan Spanjers, “A Nutritious Diet Without Calorie Counting and Restrictive Rules? An Analysis of Nutrition Trends among Intuitive Eaters” (University of Minnesota, 2013).

29. Вывод подтвержден 11 из 12 экспериментов, упомянутых в книге: O’Reilly et al., “Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Obesity-Related Eating Behaviours”. Для ознакомления с примерами см.: Jean Kristeller, Ruth Q. Wolever, and Virgil Sheets, “Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (МВ-EAT) for Binge Eating: A Randomized Clinical Trial”, Mindfulness (February 1, 2013), doi:10.1007/sl2671-012-0179-1.

30. P. Rozin et al., “Attitudes to Food and the Role of Food in Life in the U.S.A., Japan, Flemish Belgium and France: Possible Implications for the Diet-Health Debate”, Appetite 33, no. 2 (October 1999): 163-80, doi: 10.1006/appe.l999.0244.

31. Мои дети называют это «тележеванием».

32. Rozin et al., “The Ecology of Eating”.

33. Rozin et al., “Attitudes to Food and the Role of Food in Life in the U.S.A., Japan, Flemish Belgium and France”.

34. Там же.

35. Jordi Quoidbach et al., “Money Giveth, Money Taketh Away: The Dual Effect of Wealth on Happiness”, Psychological Science 21, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 759-63, doi:10.1177/0956797610371963.

36. Там же.

37. Richard Kirshenbaum, “Let Them Eat Kale: Extreme Dieters Ruining Dinner Parties for Everyone Else. Two Almonds Is Now Considered a Meal?”, New York Observer, January 21, 2014.

1. Art Caplan, “New Zealand’s Solution for Rising Health Costs? Deport Fat People”, NBC News, 2013, http://www.nbcnews.com/health/diet-fitness/new-zealands-solution-rising-health-costs-deport-fat-people-f6C10861122.

2. Helen Carter, “Too Fat to Adopt — the Married, Teetotal Couple Rejected by Council Because of Man’s Weight”, Guardian, January 16, 2009.

3. Mark V. Roehling et al., “The Effects of Weight Bias on Job-Related Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies”, in “Academy of Management Annual Meeting”, Anaheim, CA, 2008.

4. M. V. Roehling, P. V. Roehling, and L. M. Odland, “Investigating the Validity of Stereotypes about Overweight Employees: The Relationship between Body Weight and Normal Personality Traits”, Group & Organization Management 33, no. 4 (May 28, 2008): 392-424, doi: 10.1177/1059601108321518.

5. Brian A. Nosek et al., “Pervasiveness and Correlates of Implicit Attitudes and Stereotypes”, European Review of Social Psychology 18, no. 1 (January 2007): 36-88, doi: 10.1080/10463280701489053. 69% участников предпочли стройных полным.

6. Там же.

7. R. Т. Azevedo et al., “Weighing the Stigma of Weight: An fMRI Study of Neural Reactivity to the Pain of Obese Individuals”, Neuroimage 91 (May 1, 2014): 109-19, doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.041.

8. R. M. Puhl, T. Andreyeva, and K. D. Brownell, “Perceptions of Weight Discrimination: Prevalence and Comparison to Race and Gender

Discrimination in America”, International Journal of Obesity 32, no. 6 (2008): 992-1000, doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.22.

9. Puhl and Heuer, “The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update”, 2009.

10. Для ознакомления со статистикой приема в колледжи см.: Jane Wardle, Jo Waller, and Martin J. Jarvis, “Sex Differences in the Association of Socioeconomic Status with Obesity”, American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 8 (August 10, 2002): 1299-1304, doi: 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1299. Описание ситуации с оплатой медицинских страховок см.: Walter Hamilton, “Report: CVS Caremark Demands Workers Disclose Weight, Health Info”, Los Angeles Times, March 20, 2013.

11. Обзор существующих и предлагаемых мер правовой защиты см.: Young Suh et al., “Support for Laws to Prohibit Weight Discrimination in the United States: Public Attitudes from 2011 to 2013”, Obesity (Silver Spring, MD) 22, no. 8 (April 8, 2014): 1872-9, doi: 10.1002/ oby.20750.

12. Статистические данные о мальчиках см. в работе: Nina Karnehed et al., “Obesity and Attained Education: Cohort Study of More than 700,000 Swedish Men”, Obesity (Silver Spring, MD) 14, no. 8 (August 2006): 1421-28, doi:10.1038/oby.2006.161. Статистические данные о девочках см. в работе: R. Crosnoe, “Gender, Obesity, and Education”, Sociology of Education 80, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 241-60, doi:10.1177/003804070708000303. Статистические данные о мальчиках и девочках без учета уровня интеллекта см. в работе: Wardle, Waller, and Jarvis, “Sex Differences in the Association of Socioeconomic Status with Obesity”.

13. Jacob M. Burmeister et al., “Weight Bias in Graduate School Admissions”, Obesity (Silver Spring, MD) 21, no. 5 (May 2013): 918-20, doi:10.1002/ oby.20171.

14. Для ознакомления с обзором см.: R. Puhl and С. Heuer, “The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update”, Obesity 17, no. 5 (2009): 941-64.

15. Scott Klarenbach et al., “Population-Based Analysis of Obesity and Workforce Participation”, Obesity (Silver Spring, MD) 14, no. 5 (May 2006): 920-27, doi:10.1038/oby.2006.106.

16. Roehling et al., “The Effects of Weight Bias on Job-Related Outcomes”.

17. K. S. O’Brien et al., “Obesity Discrimination: The Role of Physical Appearance, Personal Ideology, and Anti-Fat Prejudice”, International Journal of Obesity 37, no. 3 (March 2013): 455-60, doi:10.1038/ ijo.2012.52.