Психология счастья. Новый подход - Любомирски Соня (читаем книги онлайн бесплатно полностью .TXT) 📗

15. Klerman, G.L., and Weissman, M.M. (1989). Increasing rates of depression. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261: 2229–35. Lavori, P.W., Warshaw, M., Klerman, G. L, Mueller, T.I., Leon, A., Rice, J., and Akiskal, H. (1993). Secular trends in lifetime onset of MDD stratified by selected sociodemographic risk factors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 27: 95–109. Lavori, P.W., Klerman, G. L, Keller, M.B., Reich, T., Rice, J., and Endicott, J. (1987). Age-period-cohort analysis of secular trends in onset of major depression: Findings in siblings of patients with major affective disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 21: 23–35.

16. Weber, R. (1991, June 3). “I can’t wait to grow up and be happy.” New Yorker.

17. Diener и др. (1999), указ. соч.

18. In 2005 the national median household income for a family of four was $46,326. DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B.D., and Lee, C.H. (August 2005). U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60–231, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

19. Пол Беллью, исполнительный директор в сфере рыночного и промышленного анализа компании General Motors, цит. в Scott, J., and Leonhardt, D. (2005, May 15). Class in America: Shadowy lines that still divide. New York Times.

20. Goodwin, D.K. (1994). No Ordinary Time. New York: Touchstone, pp. 42–43.

21. Lane, R.E. (2000). The loss of happiness in market democracies. New Haven: Yale University Press. See Figure 1.1, p.5.

22. Там же.

23. Стоит отметить, что люди, чьи базовые потребности не удовлетворены в таких сферах, как безопасность, питание и жилье, сообщают о том, что чувствуют себя очень несчастными. Для этой группы деньги (на медицинское обслуживание, питание, игрушки для детей и т. д.) являются важным фактором психологического благосостояния и качества жизни. Так что небольшая корреляция между счастьем и богатством касается только тех, чьи базовые потребности удовлетворены. Например, см. Biswas-Diener, R., and Diener, E. (2001). Making the best of a bad situation: Satisfaction in the slums of Calcutta. Social Indicators Research, 55: 329–52.

24. Lopez, S. (2004, May 26). Neighbors’ ire equals scale of Ovitz plan. Los Angeles Times, B1.

25. Sun, August 2002.

26. Nickerson, C., Schwarz, N., Diener, E., and Kahneman, D. (2003). Zeroing on the dark side of the American dream: A closer look at the negative consequences of the goal for financial success. Psychological Science, 14: 531–36.

27. Cohen, P., and Cohen, J. (1996). Life Values and Adolescent Mental Health. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

28. Sheldon, K.M., and Kasser, T. (1998). Pursuing personal goals: Skills enable progress, but not all progress is beneficial. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24: 1319–31.

29. Richins, M.L. (1995). Social comparison, advertising, and consumer discontent. American Behavioral Scientist, 38: 593–607.

30. Campbell, A. (1981). The Sense of Well-being in America. New York: McGraw-Hill.

31. Pryor, J.H., Hurtado, S., Saenz, V.B., Lindholm, J.A., Korn, W.S., and Mahoney, K.M. (2006). The American Freshman-National Norms for Fall 2005. Working paper, Higher Education Research Institute.

32. Rich think big about living well (1987, September 24). Chicago Tribune, 3. Pay nags at workers’ job views (1987, October 18). Chicago Tribune, 10B. 33. Kristof, K.M. (2005, January 14). Study: Money can’t buy happiness, security either. Los Angeles Times, C1.

34. Kahneman, D., Krueger, A.B., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., and Stone, A.A. (2006). Would you be happier if you were richer?: A focusing illusion. Science, 312: 1908–10.

35. Эту цитаты приписывают Уоррену Баффетту. O’Brien, T.L. (2006, September 17). Fortune’s fools: Why the rich go broke. New York Times.

36. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2004). Cosmetic surgery. Quick facts: 2004 ASAPS statistics. Retrieved November 16, 2005, from the World Wide Web: http://www.surgery.org/press/statistics-2004.php. 37. Wengle, H. (1986). The psychology of cosmetic surgery: A critical overview of the literature 1960–1982. Part I. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 16: 435–43. Young, V.L., Nemecek, J.R., and Nemecek, D.A. (1994). The efficacy of breast augmentation: Breast size increase, patient satisfaction, and psychological effects. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 94: 958–69. Действительно, у женщин с косметическими грудными имплантами, увеличивается риск самоубийства. См. Маклоулина, Дж. К., Мудрого, Т.Н., и Lipworth, L. (2004). Increased risk of suicide among patients with breast implants: Do the epidemiologic data support psychiatric consultation. Psychosomatics, 45: 277–80.

38. Schkade, D.A., and Kahneman, D. (1998). Does living in California make people happy?: A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 9: 340–46.

39. Diener, E., Wolsic, B., and Fujita, F. (1995). Physical attractiveness and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 120–29. См. также другое интересное исследование, показавшее, что фотомодели и манекенщицы на самом деле намного менее счастливы, чем обычные девушки, возможно, потому, что их чаще оценивают по внешности, у них меньше возможностей создать близкие отношения и меньше шансов управлять развитием своей карьеры. Meyer, B., Enstrom, M.K., Harstveit, M., Bowles, D.P., and Beevers, C.G. (2007). Happiness and despair on the catwalk: Need satisfaction, well-being, and personality adjustment among fashion models. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 2–17.

40. Argyle, M. (1999). Causes and correlates of happiness. In Diener, Kahneman, et al., op. cit., and Schwarz, N., 353–75. Campbell, A., Converse, P.E., and Rodgers, W.L. (1976). The Quality of American Life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Lyubomirsky, S., and Tucker, K.L. (1998). Implications of individual differences in self-reported happiness for perceiving, thinking about, and recalling life events. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 155–86.

41. Frederick, S., and Loewenstein, G. (1999). Hedonic adaptation. In Kahneman et al., op. cit., 302–29.

42. Lyubomirsky, King, et al. (2005), указ. соч.

43. Lucas, R.E., Clark, A.E., Georgellis, Y., and Diener, E. (2003). Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84: 527–39.

44. Brickman, P., Coates, D., and Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36: 917–27.

45. Riis, J., Loewenstein, G., Baron, J., Jepson, C., Fagerlin, A., and Ubel, P.A. (2005). Ignorance of hedonic adaptation to hemodialysis: A study using ecological momentary assessment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134: 3–9.

46. Schneider, C.E. (1998). The Practice of Autonomy. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 71.

47. Lykken, D., and Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 7: 186–89.

48. В целях конфиденциальности имена и личные данные участников исследований изменены, здесь и в других разделах книги.

49. Собрал и проанализировал эти захватывающие результаты Томас Бушар.

50. Segal, N. (2000). Entwined Lives. New York: Plume.

51. Headey, B., and Wearing, A. (1989). Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57: 731–39.

52. Suh, E.M., Diener, E., and Fujita, F. (1996). Events and subjective wellbeing: Only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70: 1091–1102.

53. Bilger, B. (2004, April 5). The height gap: Why Europeans are getting taller and taller-and Americans aren’t. New Yorker.

54. Sternberg, R.J., Grigorenko, E.L., and Kidd, K.K. (2005). Intelligence, race, and genetics. American Psychologist, 60: 46–59.